Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanisms of Crystal Violet onto Biochar Derived from Pomelo Seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62239/jca.2026.040Keywords:
Adsorption Characteristics, Adsorption Mechanisms, Crystal Violet, Biochar, Pomelo SeedsAbstract
Pomelo seed-derived biochar was synthesized via the high-temperature pyrolysis of pomelo seed powder. The physicochemical properties of the fabricated biochar were systematically characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Optimization experiments for crystal violet (CV) adsorption onto the biochar yielded the following ideal parameters: pH 9.0, a contact time of 15 min, an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g per 25 mL of 50 mg/L CV solution, and an ionic strength of 1 mM NaCl. Equilibrium data were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of 105.26 mg/g under 1 mM NaCl conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic evaluations revealed that the CV adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and governed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Standard isotherm parameters coupled with FTIR and zeta potential analyses suggest that the underlying mechanism of CV removal onto the pomelo seed biochar is primarily driven by a combination of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nguyen Thi Ngan, Nguyen Thi To Loan, Vu Thi Hau, Vu Van Nhuong, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Pham Hong Chuyon, Do Linh Dan, Ngo Thi Mai Viet
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