Synthesis of Nanocarbon from Waste Engine Oil via Solution Plasma Process for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Thien Vu Tri; Nguyen Van Thai Vu Tri; Ngo Ha Son Vu Tri; Le Huu Thanh Vu Tri; Pham Trung Kien Vu Tri

doi:10.62239/jca.2026.023

Authors

Vu Tri Thien Institute of Materials, Biology and Environment, Academy of Military Science and Technology
Nguyen Van Thai 51 Phu Dien street, Hanoi, Vietnam
Ngo Ha Son Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
Le Huu Thanh Institute of Materials, Biology and Environment, Academy of Military Science and Technology
Pham Trung Kien Institute of Materials, Biology and Environment, Academy of Military Science and Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62239/jca.2026.023

Keywords:

waste engine oil, solution plasma, nanocarbon, lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

With the increasing demand for sustainable energy storage materials, the conversion of waste engine oil into functional carbon materials has attracted considerable attention due to its dual benefits of environmental remediation and value-added material production. In this study, nanocarbon materials were directly synthesized from waste engine oil via a solution plasma process under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. The as-synthesized materials were systematically characterized using SEM-EDS, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that the obtained nanocarbon partially graphitized outer layers surrounding amorphous carbon domains with particle sizes ranging from approximately 20 to 50 nm. The material exhibited typical electrochemical behavior of carbonaceous anodes for lithium-ion batteries, delivering a specific capacity of approximately 250 mAh.g^-1at a current density of 100 mA.g^-1 and maintaining stable cycling performance over 200 charge-discharge cycles.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

E. Fan, L. Li, Z. Wang, J. Lin, Y. Huang, Y. Yao, R. Chen, F. Wu, Chem. Rev., 120 (2020) 7020–7063. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00535

C. Yan, X. Jiang, J. Yu, Z. Ding, L. Ma, T. Su, Y. Wang, C. Wang, G. Huang, S. Xu, Green Chem., 25 (2023) 3816–3846. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00323J

K. Itani, A. De Bernardinis, Energies, 16 (2023) 7530. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227530

N.A.A. Qasem, G.A.Q. Abdulrahman, Int. J. Energy Res., 2024 (2024) 7271748. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7271748

N. Geetha, D. Kavitha, D. Kumaresan, J. Electrochem. Energy Convers. Storage, 20 (2023) 011013. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054735

M.Á. Muñoz‐Márquez, M. Zarrabeitia, S. Passerini, T. Rojo, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 9 (2022) 2101773. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101773

D.R. Lobato-Peralta, P.U. Okoye, C. Alegre, J. Power Sources, 617 (2024) 235140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235140

H.S. Gujral, G. Singh, A.V. Baskar, X. Guan, X. Geng, A.V. Kotkondawar, S. Rayalu, P. Kumar, A. Karakoti, A. Vinu, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 23 (2022) 76–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2022.2029686

L. Li, D. Zhang, J. Deng, Y. Gou, J. Fang, H. Cui, Y. Zhao, M. Cao, Carbon, 183 (2021) 721–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.07.053

X. Jiang, Y. Chen, X. Meng, W. Cao, C. Liu, Q. Huang, N. Naik, V. Murugadoss, M. Huang, Z. Guo, Carbon, 191 (2022) 448–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.02.011

I.C. Ossai, F.S. Hamid, S.C. Aboudi-Mana, A. Hassan, Environ. Geochem. Health, 46 (2024) 416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02198-7

D.M. Armioni, S.A. Raţiu, M.L. Benea, V. Puţan, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2927 (2024) 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2927/1/012007

K.K., B.M.V., N.P., Diam. Relat. Mater., 121 (2022) 108724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108724

A.R. Ferdous, S.S. Shah, S.N.A. Shah, B.A. Johan, M.A. Al Bari, M.A. Aziz, Molecules, 29 (2024) 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092081

K. Sasaki, K. Yamamoto, M. Narahara, Y. Takabe, S. Chae, G. Panomsuwan, T. Ishizaki, Materials, 17 (2024) 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020320

G.B. Choi, Y.A. Kim, D. Hong, Y. Choi, S.H. Yeon, Y.K. Park, G.G. Lee, H. Lee, S.C. Jung, Carbon, 205 (2023) 444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.042

N. Saengarunthong, P. Khongthong, G. Panomsuwan, T. Ueno, N. Saito, A. Eiad-Ua, Key Eng. Mater., 751 (2017) 773–778. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.751.773

K. Fricke, H. Steffen, T. Von Woedtke, K. Schröder, K. Weltmann, Plasma Process. Polym., 8 (2011) 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000093

N. Britun, T. Minea, S. Konstantinidis, R. Snyders, J. Phys. Appl. Phys., 47 (2014) 224001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224001

S. Deng, N. Takeuchi, T. Kaneko, Materials, 18 (2025) 5662. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245662

M.K. Mun, W.O. Lee, J.W. Park, D.S. Kim, G.Y. Yeom, D.W. Kim, Appl. Sci. Converg. Technol., 26 (2017) 164–173. https://doi.org/10.5757/ASCT.2017.26.6.164

A.C. Ferrari, J. Robertson, Phys. Rev. B, 61 (2000) 14095. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14095

T. Qiu, J.G. Yang, X.J. Bai, Y.L. Wang, RSC Adv., 9 (2019) 12737–12746. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA00343F

L. Kong, Y. Zhu, P.J. Williams, M. Kabbani, F.R. Brushett, J.L.M. Rupp, J. Mater. Chem. A, 12 (2024) 4299–4311. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA07362A

K. Nikgoftar, A.K.M.R. Reddy, M.V. Reddy, K. Zaghib, Batteries, 11(4) (2025) 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040123

D. Feng, X. Qin, L. Zheng, B. Guo, W. Dai, N. Song, L. Liu, Y. Xu, Z. Tang, T. Gao, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 19(3) (2024) 100488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100488

S. Li, W. Luo, Q. He, J. Lu, J. Du, Y. Tao, Y. Cheng, H. Wang, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24(1) (2023) 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010284

S. Villagómez-Salas, P. Manikandan, S.F.A. Guzmán, V.G. Pol, ACS Omega, 3(12) (2018) 17520–17527. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02290