Brønsted Acid- Functionalized Carbon from Mangosteen Peel for Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Authors

  • Mai Ngoc Thi Le Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University
  • Trinh Hao Nguyen Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University
  • Lap Chi Tran Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University
  • Tien Truong Nguyen Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University
  • Hao Quoc Chu Huynh Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University
  • Phuong Hoang Tran University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62239/jca.2025.056

Keywords:

5-hydroxymethylfurfural, fructose, porous carbon, carbon-based solid acid

Abstract

A low-cost and efficient solid Brønsted acid catalyst was successfully synthesized by sulfonating a carbon substrate derived from mangosteen peel, denoted as PC-SO3H. This bio-based carbon material, after functionalization with –SO3H groups, was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important platform compound in the production of furan-based derivatives. The reaction was conducted at 120 °C for 2 hours, yielding an HMF selectivity of up to 71.6%. In addition, reaction parameters were investigated to evaluate their influence on conversion efficiency and product selectivity. The study results demonstrated that PC-SO3H not only exhibited high catalytic performance but also showed promising potential for practical application in biomass-based chemical synthesis processes due to its reusability. Based on experimental data and catalyst characterization techniques, including FTIR, Raman, SEM-EDX, a reaction mechanism was proposed for the dehydration of fructose catalyzed by PC-SO3H.

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Published

30-12-2025

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): December

Section

VNACA2025

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Mai Ngoc Thi Le, Trinh Hao Nguyen, Lap Chi Tran, Tien Truong Nguyen, Hao Quoc Chu Huynh, Phuong Hoang Tran

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Brønsted Acid- Functionalized Carbon from Mangosteen Peel for Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. (2025). Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption, 14(4), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.62239/jca.2025.056
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